ASCO – Why Is It So Important?

asco-2015-pavillionThe American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) hosts an annual meeting to convene oncology professionals to discuss the latest research and emerging treatments in the field of oncology. This year, nearly 40,000 researchers attended this meeting as a forum to release new data and provide the medical community with updates on the latest information influencing how oncologists treat patients. Annually, Fight CRC spends three full days at this conference and focuses on learning the latest in science about colorectal cancer. In the weeks following ASCO, we work with our Medical Advisory Board members to break down the timely, detailed information we heard at the conference to inform patients about the pertinent research developments for fighting their colorectal cancers. We believe patients want to be informed and we’re here to break down the science for you.

Big Idea This Conference: Subtypes

asco-immuno-posterThe research we saw continues to support the idea that that colorectal cancer is not a simple, single disease but instead, it’s a collection of multiple subtypes of gene mutations. Genetic mutations on certain genes are what causes colorectal cancer. This is why cutting-edge cancer research is now looking at the different “subtypes” and targeting specific genes instead of “colorectal cancer” as a whole. We saw the most promising research data revolve around these three subtypes of colorectal cancer:
  • MSI-H
  • HER2 amplification
  • BRAF mutations
Today we’ll dive into MSI-H

MSI- H Data Shows Response

msi-h-poster-asco2015Much of the excitement at ASCO relative to colorectal cancer centered on new data presented for MSI-H (Microsatellite Instability High) tumors. Many Lynch syndrome patients are familiar with this subtype. MSI-H is found in about 15% of colon tumors, but is most often found in tumors associated with genetic syndromes, like Lynch syndrome. MSI-H is what “happens” when the genes that regulate DNA function don’t work correctly. These DNA regulating genes are known as Mismatch Repair Genes (MMR). They work like genetic “spell checkers.” When problems occur in these spell-checking MMR genes, it means that areas of your DNA will start to become instable, giving you MSI. When there is a high frequency of instability, this is called MSI-H. Patients with MSI-H tumors may respond differently to certain treatments (like 5-FU), so it is important to test the tumors for this trait. Several reports and data at ASCO displayed some of the findings when studying patients with MSI-H.

REPORT 1

A phase II study looked at the effects of the drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for patients with MMR-deficiency (MSI-H tumors). The results look promising. MMR-deficiency isn’t that common, but it may provide options for late-stage patients who otherwise may not respond to certain types of treatment. This is an exciting discovery but we must keep in perspective that this was a very small trial.

REPORT 2

Another MSI-H trial is underway to examine the effect of using a vaccine for tumor prevention, specifically for those with Lynch syndrome. It is too early to tell if this will be a treatment option in the future, but it is definitely an area that is being explored. This trial has helped clarify that MMR status will hold valuable clues about treatment decisions for colorectal cancer patients.

What Does This Mean For You?

andi-dusty-deming-asco The data from Report 1 mentioned above is coming from an immunotherapy trial. As we explained earlier this year, immunotherapy is certainly a hot topic in cancer treatment and that was definitely the case at ASCO this year. Read Immunotherapy blogs The drug mentioned, pembrolizumab, is what’s called an “Anti-PD-1.” This therapy uses an antibody (called Anti-PD-1), to study colorectal cancer patient response. Because of the promising results, another study is expected to open later this year. Larger trials will be needed and will be forth coming to confirm findings before this will become standard of care for those who have MSI-H tumors.

Very Important: This Is Still Exploratory

It is very important to remember that this drug might only work for a very specific group of people:  those who have their tumors tested and have MSI-H. It is also important to remember that this drug is still in the exploratory step and must be studied further. This drug is not available for standard use by patients. Clinical trials sites are available if you meet the requirements. Learn more about the Phase II MK-3475 trial. It’s likely there will be new opportunities in the near future for patients to enroll in this trial. As we learn about new trials for MMR and MSI-H, we will post about sites enrolling and the eligibility details. To find currently enrolling clinical trials for colorectal cancer patients, use our trial finder.

asco-2015-review-webinarSign Up To Hear the Science First-Hand

For the next two weeks we’ll blog more about findings from ASCO pertaining to colorectal cancer patients. Check back for more info! Meanwhile, register for our upcoming webinar on June 23, "ASCO 2015 In Review." Oncologist, researcher and rectal cancer survivor Dr. Dusty Deming will unpack the information for you!

What We're Anticipating at ASCO 2016!

Dr. Tom Marsilje (The Currently Incurable Scientist) wrote about the top 5 abstracts he's looking foward to at ASCO 2016.

Join Fight CRC!

If you’ve been impacted by colorectal cancer, we need you! Join us and use your experience, your story and your voice to create real change. Get started by signing up. Next, see all the ways you can do something about this disease and take steps to get connected with our community. Come fight with us.

2 thoughts on “ASCO 2015 Recap: CRC Subtypes & MSI-H Findings

  1. I am currently involved in the MK-3475 with Azacitidine and will be going on Monday for my second cycle. First cycle went well.

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