ctDNA

循环肿瘤 DNA（ctDNA）是可以在血液中检测到的肿瘤细胞 DNA 小片段。
肿瘤细胞死亡后，会将 ctDNA 释放到血液中。

ctDNA

循环肿瘤 DNA（ctDNA）是可以在血液中检测到的肿瘤细胞 DNA 小片段。
肿瘤细胞死亡后，会将 ctDNA 释放到血液中。

ctDNA

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is small fragments of DNA from tumor cells that can be detected in the blood. When tumor cells die, they release ctDNA into the bloodstream.

CtDNA is both a predictive and prognostic biomarker. Predictive markers can help to determine the likelihood that a person’s tumor is likely to respond to or be resistant to a particular treatment program. Prognostic markers provide information on whether an individual’s cancer is likely to behave in an aggressive or less aggressive manner. CtDNA testing is used for a variety of reasons and may occur at various timepoints throughout treatment. Some reasons your medical team may recommend testing include:

  • To test for minimal residual disease (MRD) after surgery – testing is often performed 4+ weeks after curative surgery to assess MRD status. MRD is a term that applies to evidence that a person has tumor deposits or tumor cells in their body that are not detectable on x-rays or scans. This is most common in patients diagnosed with stage II 或 stage III colorectal cancer.

  • 监测成功治疗后的复发情况--检测一般在系统治疗结束后 2 周以上进行。这在确诊为 IV 期或转移性 CRC 的患者中最为常见。

  • 预测治疗反应--ctDNA 检测通常每 8-12 周进行一次，用于监测治疗反应。ctDNA水平降低表明治疗有效，而计数升高则表明治疗耐药。

  • 确定其他生物标志物的状态，或 ctDNA 分子图谱分析--检测可用于评估其他生物标志物，以取代基于肿瘤组织的测序。这意味着可以通过血液检测而不是活组织检查来进行分析。

CtDNA is both a predictive and prognostic biomarker. Predictive markers can help to determine the likelihood that a person’s tumor is likely to respond to or be resistant to a particular treatment program. Prognostic markers provide information on whether an individual’s cancer is likely to behave in an aggressive or less aggressive manner. CtDNA testing is used for a variety of reasons and may occur at various timepoints throughout treatment. Some reasons your medical team may recommend testing include:

  • To test for minimal residual disease (MRD) after surgery – testing is often performed 4+ weeks after curative surgery to assess MRD status. MRD is a term that applies to evidence that a person has tumor deposits or tumor cells in their body that are not detectable on x-rays or scans. This is most common in patients diagnosed with stage II or III CRC.

  • To monitor for recurrence after successful treatment –testing is generally performed 2+ weeks after the completion of systemic treatment. This is most common in patients diagnosed with stage IV or metastatic CRC.

  • 预测治疗反应--ctDNA 检测通常每 8-12 周进行一次，用于监测治疗反应。ctDNA水平降低表明治疗有效，而计数升高则表明治疗耐药。

  • 确定其他生物标志物的状态，或 ctDNA 分子图谱分析--检测可用于评估其他生物标志物，以取代基于肿瘤组织的测序。这意味着可以通过血液检测而不是活组织检查来进行分析。

CtDNA is both a predictive and prognostic biomarker. Predictive markers can help to determine the likelihood that a person’s tumor is likely to respond to or be resistant to a particular treatment program. Prognostic markers provide information on whether an individual’s cancer is likely to behave in an aggressive or less aggressive manner. CtDNA testing is used for a variety of reasons and may occur at various timepoints throughout treatment. Some reasons your medical team may recommend testing include:

  • To test for minimal residual disease (MRD) after surgery – testing is often performed 4+ weeks after curative surgery to assess MRD status. MRD is a term that applies to evidence that a person has tumor deposits or tumor cells in their body that are not detectable on x-rays or scans. This is most common in patients diagnosed with stage II or III CRC.

  • To monitor for recurrence after successful treatment –testing is generally performed 2+ weeks after the completion of systemic treatment. This is most common in patients diagnosed with stage IV or metastatic CRC.

  • 预测治疗反应--ctDNA 检测通常每 8-12 周进行一次，用于监测治疗反应。ctDNA水平降低表明治疗有效，而计数升高则表明治疗耐药。

  • 确定其他生物标志物的状态，或 ctDNA 分子图谱分析--检测可用于评估其他生物标志物，以取代基于肿瘤组织的测序。这意味着可以通过血液检测而不是活组织检查来进行分析。

这与无循环 DNA 是否相同？如果不一样，有什么区别？

CtDNA 是无循环 DNA（cfDNA）的一种。CfDNA 可以来自任何细胞类型，包括 "正常 "健康细胞。CtDNA特指血液中发现的来自肿瘤细胞的DNA。

这与无循环 DNA 是否相同？如果不一样，有什么区别？

CtDNA 是无循环 DNA（cfDNA）的一种。CfDNA 可以来自任何细胞类型，包括 "正常 "健康细胞。CtDNA特指血液中发现的来自肿瘤细胞的DNA。

这与无循环 DNA 是否相同？如果不一样，有什么区别？

CtDNA 是无循环 DNA（cfDNA）的一种。CfDNA 可以来自任何细胞类型，包括 "正常 "健康细胞。CtDNA特指血液中发现的来自肿瘤细胞的DNA。

How is it detected?

CtDNA testing is done using a blood sample, or liquid biopsy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may
be used to analyze ctDNA to determine the status of other biomarkers.

How is it detected?

CtDNA testing is done using a blood sample, or liquid biopsy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may
be used to analyze ctDNA to determine the status of other biomarkers.

How is it
detected?

CtDNA testing is done using a blood sample, or liquid biopsy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may be used to analyze ctDNA to determine the status of other biomarkers.

What do my CtDNA test results mean?

根据检测的主要原因，ctDNA 检测 "阳性 "有多种含义。

在对 II 期或 III 期 CRC 进行手术后，通常会进行检测，以确定是否存在 ctDNA。如果存在ctDNA，您的报告可能会显示 "检测到ctDNA "或 "ctDNA阳性"。肿瘤切除术后ctDNA的存在可高度预测疾病的早期复发或微小残留。反之，液体活检中未检测到ctDNA，则报告为 "ctDNA阴性 "或 "ctDNA检测不到"。

  • 如果术后检测呈阳性，您的复发风险将被视为很高。您的医疗团队可能会建议您开始或调整辅助化疗。
  • If your test is negative after surgery, your risk for recurrence will be considered low. Your medical team may recommend a change in the type or duration of adjuvant chemotherapy.

完成治疗（单独手术或结合化疗和/或放疗）的患者可能会接受检测，以确定是否存在ctDNA。这是为了监测完成治疗后的复发情况。如果存在ctDNA，您的报告可能会显示 "检测到ctDNA "或 "ctDNA阳性"。肿瘤切除术后出现ctDNA可高度预测疾病的早期复发或极小残留。反之，液体活检中未检测到ctDNA，则报告为 "ctDNA阴性 "或 "ctDNA检测不到"。

  • 如果治疗结束后检测结果呈阳性，您的医疗团队可能会要求您在一段时间后进行后续检测和/或成像检测，以寻找复发的癌症。
  • If your test is negative after completing treatment, you do not have detectable recurrence. However, this does not mean that there is no chance of a recurrence being detected in the future as some tests may be negative if the amounts of ctDNA are too low to be detected at the time the test is done. Your medical team should continue to monitor you.

被诊断为 IV 期或转移性 CRC 的患者可能会在治疗前和治疗期间接受检测，即连续 ctDNA 测量。在这种情况下，ctDNA 水平通常会以数字或水平的形式报告。这些数字可用于预测您对治疗的反应。治疗过程中 ctDNA 水平下降预示着治疗反应良好。治疗过程中 ctDNA 水平升高则预示治疗反应不佳，并表明疾病进展。

What do my CtDNA test results mean?

根据检测的主要原因，ctDNA 检测 "阳性 "有多种含义。

在对 II 期或 III 期 CRC 进行手术后，通常会进行检测，以确定是否存在 ctDNA。如果存在ctDNA，您的报告可能会显示 "检测到ctDNA "或 "ctDNA阳性"。肿瘤切除术后ctDNA的存在可高度预测疾病的早期复发或微小残留。反之，液体活检中未检测到ctDNA，则报告为 "ctDNA阴性 "或 "ctDNA检测不到"。

  • 如果术后检测呈阳性，您的复发风险将被视为很高。您的医疗团队可能会建议您开始或调整辅助化疗。
  • If your test is negative after surgery, your risk for recurrence will be considered low. Your medical team may recommend a change in the type or duration of adjuvant chemotherapy.

完成治疗（单独手术或结合化疗和/或放疗）的患者可能会接受检测，以确定是否存在ctDNA。这是为了监测完成治疗后的复发情况。如果存在ctDNA，您的报告可能会显示 "检测到ctDNA "或 "ctDNA阳性"。肿瘤切除术后出现ctDNA可高度预测疾病的早期复发或极小残留。反之，液体活检中未检测到ctDNA，则报告为 "ctDNA阴性 "或 "ctDNA检测不到"。

  • 如果治疗结束后检测结果呈阳性，您的医疗团队可能会要求您在一段时间后进行后续检测和/或成像检测，以寻找复发的癌症。
  • If your test is negative after completing treatment, you do not have detectable recurrence. However, this does not mean that there is no chance of a recurrence being detected in the future as some tests may be negative if the amounts of ctDNA are too low to be detected at the time the test is done. Your medical team should continue to monitor you.

被诊断为 IV 期或转移性 CRC 的患者可能会在治疗前和治疗期间接受检测，即连续 ctDNA 测量。在这种情况下，ctDNA 水平通常会以数字或水平的形式报告。这些数字可用于预测您对治疗的反应。治疗过程中 ctDNA 水平下降预示着治疗反应良好。治疗过程中 ctDNA 水平升高则预示治疗反应不佳，并表明疾病进展。

What do my CtDNA test results mean?

根据检测的主要原因，ctDNA 检测 "阳性 "有多种含义。

在对 II 期或 III 期 CRC 进行手术后，通常会进行检测，以确定是否存在 ctDNA。如果存在ctDNA，您的报告可能会显示 "检测到ctDNA "或 "ctDNA阳性"。肿瘤切除术后ctDNA的存在可高度预测疾病的早期复发或微小残留。反之，液体活检中未检测到ctDNA，则报告为 "ctDNA阴性 "或 "ctDNA检测不到"。

  • 如果术后检测呈阳性，您的复发风险将被视为很高。您的医疗团队可能会建议您开始或调整辅助化疗。
  • If your test is negative after surgery, your risk for recurrence will be considered low. Your medical team may recommend a change in the type or duration of adjuvant chemotherapy.

完成治疗（单独手术或结合化疗和/或放疗）的患者可能会接受检测，以确定是否存在ctDNA。这是为了监测完成治疗后的复发情况。如果存在ctDNA，您的报告可能会显示 "检测到ctDNA "或 "ctDNA阳性"。肿瘤切除术后出现ctDNA可高度预测疾病的早期复发或极小残留。反之，液体活检中未检测到ctDNA，则报告为 "ctDNA阴性 "或 "ctDNA检测不到"。

  • 如果治疗结束后检测结果呈阳性，您的医疗团队可能会要求您在一段时间后进行后续检测和/或成像检测，以寻找复发的癌症。
  • If your test is negative after completing treatment, you do not have detectable recurrence. However, this does not mean that there is no chance of a recurrence being detected in the future as some tests may be negative if the amounts of ctDNA are too low to be detected at the time the test is done. Your medical team should continue to monitor you.

被诊断为 IV 期或转移性 CRC 的患者可能会在治疗前和治疗期间接受检测，即连续 ctDNA 测量。在这种情况下，ctDNA 水平通常会以数字或水平的形式报告。这些数字可用于预测您对治疗的反应。治疗过程中 ctDNA 水平下降预示着治疗反应良好。治疗过程中 ctDNA 水平升高则预示治疗反应不佳，并表明疾病进展。

医学评论

理查德-戈德堡医学博士

西弗吉尼亚大学癌症研究所

审查日期审查日期： 2023 年 11 月 10 日