How CRC Develops
CRC develops when a polyp in the colon or rectum starts to change and becomes cancerous. Removing polyps during screening is one of the most effective ways to stop cancer before it starts.
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Table of Contents
What is a polyp?
Polyps are small growths in the colon or rectum lining. Picture a pimple, but inside your colon or rectum. Only a very small percentage of polyps and only certain types of polyps can become cancerous. Most polyps and early-stage colorectal cancers do not cause symptoms that you can see or feel.
Colon Polyp Q&A with Dr. Fola May
Screening for Colon Polyps
How do I know if I have colorectal polyps?
There are many screening methods that can detect polyps, although some are much better and more effective than others:
- Colonoscopy
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy
- CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
- Stool DNA test (Cologuard®)
- Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
- High-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood testing (FOBT)
- Blood test (Shield®)
All methods can detect polyps and cancers to varying degrees. Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy allow doctors to both see and remove polyps during the same procedure.
When do I need another colonoscopy if my doctor found polyps?
The timing of your next colonoscopy depends on the pathology report. If you do not have any polyps, you will not likely need another colonoscopy for 10 years.
However, if you have one large or many small adenomas, you will be asked to return for a surveillance colonoscopy sooner—perhaps in 3 to 5 years.
These follow-up colonoscopies help doctors discover and remove any new polyps that developed since your last procedure.
Your doctor will encourage you to repeat your colonoscopy based on:
- The size of polyp(s)
- How many polyps in colon were found
- The type of polyp(s)
- Your family and personal history
- The good news: Polyps don’t come back once removed.
Types of Colon Polyps
Most of the time, polyps don’t have symptoms. However, for some people, polyps bleed. This can cause red or black blood in the stool. Bleeding may be intermittent. It is always important to notify your doctor if you see bloody poop.
Adenomatous Polyps (Adenomas)
Adenomas are among the most common and can become cancerous over time. Removing them during a colonoscopy prevents that progression.
Serrated Polyps
Serrated polyps, including sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, are another form that may become cancerous. They can be flat and difficult to detect, making quality screening even more important.
Hyperplastic, Inflammatory, and Hamartomatous Polyps
These polyps are generally considered noncancerous. However, people with hereditary conditions that cause multiple polyps should discuss genetic screening and earlier surveillance with their healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions About Colon Polyps
Do all polyps turn into cancer?
No. Not all polyps are cancerous. However, certain types—like adenomatous and serrated polyps—can change over time. Detecting and removing these polyps prevents colorectal cancer from developing.
Who is most at risk of developing colon polyps?
Anyone can develop polyps, but risk increases with age, family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or certain hereditary conditions. Lifestyle factors such as diet, tobacco, and alcohol use also play a role.
How are colon polyps found?
Because most polyps cause no symptoms, regular screening is the best way to find them. A colonoscopy allows doctors to both detect and remove polyps during the same procedure.
What happens if a polyp is found during a colonoscopy?
If you have polyps in your colon, your doctor likely performed a polypectomy to remove your polyp(s). Most patients are under sedation when this happens and don’t feel pain during or after. If a doctor performed a polypectomy, you will need to ask what type of polyps were removed and get a copy of the pathology report.
How often should I get screened for colon polyps?
Most people should begin screening at age 45 and repeat every 10 years if no polyps are found. If polyps are found, or you have additional risk factors, your doctor may recommend more frequent screenings.
Can colon polyps cause symptoms?
Most polyps don’t cause noticeable symptoms. However, you should contact your doctor if you notice blood in your stool, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss.
How can I reduce my risk of colon polyps?
The most effective prevention is regular screening. You can also lower risk by maintaining a healthy weight, eating more fiber, limiting red and processed meats, avoiding tobacco, and reducing alcohol use.
What if my polyp is cancerous?
If cancer is found within a polyp, your doctor will determine whether it was completely removed or if further treatment is needed. Regardless of your diagnosis, you are not alone—Fight CRC offers education, advocacy, and support every step of the way.
How long does it take a polyp to turn into cancer?
An adenoma can become cancer in around 10 years. But sometimes it happens faster or slower. People with a genetic condition may get cancer quicker because polyps and cancer appear much earlier and grow quickly.